(1) 開頭和結尾原則(The Beginning and Ending)

和文章的結構有關,在開頭和結尾都是會出題目的。結尾一般用的句型:Next I would like to…; Following this lecture…; to end my lecture…; to wrap up my lecture…; to wind up my lecture…; to put the finishing touch on my lecture…

 

(2) 原因原則 (The Reasons and Results)

表示原因的關聯詞,如because (口語中叫cause), for, since, thanks to, due to, attributed to, the reason…is…; 表示結果的關聯詞,如so, therefore, thus, consequently, as a result , that's why…

 

(3) 轉折原則 (Turning Point)

 but, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, while, in fact , still, yet, unluckily, unfortunately, on the other hand, to tell you the truth, to be frank/honest, although, though, even if, even though.

 

(4) 強調原則 (Emphasis)

 A. 語氣強調重讀(Stress)、 停頓(Pause)、 口誤(Honest Mistake)、 口吃等。

 B. 語義強調比如材料裡聽到ok, now, and, well, remember, surprise, 以及only, must 等絕對詞;或者老師說What I m​​ean is…; What I want you to do is… 或者材料中也用形容詞進行語義強調,如…is important/ fatal/ vital/ essential/ basic/ fundamental/ interesting/ necessary.

 

C. 比較強調同級比較、比較級(Comparative)、最高級(Superlative) 都是強調,都很重要。如:一些句型compared to, in comparison。還有序數詞,方位詞和一些介詞強調(Ordinal numbers, Prepositions)。如: first…; last…; also; before, after, by等。

 

D. 結論強調(Conclusions) 比如:in conclusion, to conclude, in a word, all in all, last but not the least, to sum up.

 

E. 舉例強調(Examples) 比如:for example/ instance(記下關鍵詞), such as/ like/ need/ include/ involve(記下首字母), to demonstrate/ illustrate, to give you a clearer idea/ picture .

 (5) 問答原則 (Questions and Answers)

比如設問句或學生提問,問題和回答都很重要。

(6) 解釋原則-下定義 (Definitions)

常用結構有:定語、同位語。

(7) 建議原則 (Suggestions)

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