托福考試官方指導:

These items measure your ability to understand and recognize the major ideas and the relative importance of information in a passage. You will be asked to select the major ideas in the passage by distinguishing them from minor ideas or ideas that are not in the passage. The correct answer choice will synthesize major ideas in the passage. Because the correct answer represents a synthesis of ideas, it will not match any particular sentence from the passage. To select the correct answer, you will need to create a mental framework to organize and remember major ideas and other important information. Understanding the relative importance of information in a passage is critical to this ability. In a Prose Summary question, you will be given six answer choices and asked to pick the three that express the most important ideas in the passage . Unlike the Basic Information questions, each of which is worth just one point, a Prose Summary question can be worth either one or two points depending on how many correct answers you choose. If you choose no correct answers or just one correct answer, you will earn no points. If you choose two correct answers, you will earn one point. If you choose all three correct answers, you will earn two points. The order in which you choose your answers does not matter for scoring purposes.

解析:

根據新托福官方給出的官方指導,總結出以下這些Summary做題技巧。

1. 這種題型的考點是讓學生找出三個Main Points(Ideas),而不是找出哪三個是對的,哪三個是錯的。

2. 三個錯誤答案有兩種可能性,一種是文章的Minor Ideas,也就是說是小細節。而另外一種錯誤的可能性就是文章中壓根沒有提到。從真實考試情況來看,第二種情況出現的可能性比較小。

3. 做這種題目的時候必須對文章的結構、脈絡和框架非常熟悉,否則這個時候又要通讀文章了。那麼怎麼對文章熟悉呢?我們發現Summary題型是最後一種題型,因此在做之前所有四選一題型的時候是按照文章順序分佈的,因此建議考生在做單選題的時候一定要認真,文章要看明白,否則做最後的大題目的時候就麻煩了。

4. 從分值來看,這種題型占到2分,選對3個Main Ideas才能夠答對2分。選對2個得1分。只選對一個或者一個都沒有選對得0分。其實從分值和6選3的概率來看,全部做對和全部做錯的可能性都是很低的。從大量的考生分數來看,得一分的情況比較多。也就是說,在考生對全文內容不熟悉的情況下,憑著對著文章主旨的了解來做選擇,在6題中做對2題的情況比例非常高。因此,我們可以這樣說,只要對文章主旨完全吃透,另外在做四選一的題目時對每個段落的內容有大致的了解,得2分的可能性還是很大的。

5. 三個正確答案的順序無關緊要,也就是說在考試中鼠標拖動答案到答題框中的順序不影響最終的評判結果,此時不需要把這個三個正確答案按照文章中出現的順序來排列,而是只需要把三個正確答案選出即可。

6. 從過往的真題來看和官方指導來看,正確答案是對一個段落或者文章的總結,而錯誤答案往往是文章中某一種特定的句子。因此辨別正確錯誤答案的標誌非常明顯,建議考生在練習時要注重辨別這一點。

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