第八劍:換詞
此劍屬於極難修煉之式,需要配合高級心法,長期練習方能有所成就,時間緊就跳過吧。本劍基本只適合要求有些高的戰友。不過不管是誰,有這個意識肯定是好的,說不定考的時候靈感一來就妙口生花,博得rater的好感。這里首先要注意的是,rater期待的理想完美答案不是一定的,但是所有表達都對這reading和listening材料照本宣科的回答肯定是不會受到rater青睞的。其實不需要你都換,只要在合適的位置小換一下,哪怕就一下,你的這一表現馬上就會讓rater耳朵一豎,眼睛一亮,在那些完全複述材料的考生中脫穎而出。 rater會覺得你有這個能力有機處理輸入信息,而不是完全呀呀學語。你換4個或5個對考官來說沒有區別,但是你換1個和換0個卻有很大區別。
然後要明確哪些該換,哪些不能換。專有名詞絕對不能替換;多音節的那種大詞(名,形,動),像responsibility, spectacular, misrepresent...一般不要換;比較怪異的非日常生活用語以及被反復強調的也許很常用但是在題中有特殊涵義的詞不能換...這些應該都比較好把握。可以換的就是那些通俗常用的義項,表達多用副詞,介詞,小詞,熟詞的意義。舉個例子,There are more and more people in Shanghai可以換成the population is increasing;A is harmful to B可以換成A brings harm to, A endangers B, A poses a threat to B,B suffers much from A; A enables B to do sth可以換成A makes it possible for B to do sth,B is now able to do sth thanks to/ due to/ because of A......這些變化要能快速反映出來,並非一朝一夕,只有平時多積累才能略有小成。就是熟悉各種句式,語法結構功能,同義詞等等。這個過程其實是和寫作緊密聯繫的。平時注意不要讓表達單調,有意識多換詞表達同一個意思,久而久之就能冰凍三尺了。仍然推薦朗文的那個詞典,它右下角有個activator,表達同一個義項很管用。 bt和emule都有下載的。另外,在換詞的過程中,注意不要盲目亂換,一定要確保感***彩不變,書面口語體不要混淆,語境要恰當吻合,別讓老美覺得我們迂腐不堪。下面我把我自己總結一些常用義項換詞貼出來,這些我考試的時候仍然都沒用上,換上的是臨時蹦出來的一個詞。說明,這個短期突破基本上很困難。以下詞具體用的時候請先參見辭典,別用的不恰當,否則還不如不換詞。
能,會,可以:can, (would) be able to, have the chance/opportunity to do.., get to do
應該:should, be supposed to, shall, have to, must, be required to, it is necessary for sb to..
上升,增加:(vi.)increase, go up, rise, (vt.) increase, raise (n.) growth, rise, increase.
下降,減少/小:(vt.) decrease, reduce, lower (vi.) decrease, fall, drop,go/come down, decline. (n.) fall, decrease, decline, drop
變:change, alter, become (different/big/small/..), get, grow
知道,了解,意識到:know, be aware/concious of, realize, get information about,
證實,表明:show, suggest, indicate, make it clear that
很大程度上,基本上:greatly, considerably, enormously, significantly, basically
提高,變好:improve, make better, enhance
採取(措施):adopt, take
提出(政策):propose, offer
廢除:eliminate, get rid of, do way with, dispense with
提供:provide, offer, give
任務:assignment, job, work, task
有用,幫助:beneficial, helpful, useful, be a great help to, do good to, bring benefit to, be good for
方法:way, approach, strategy, method
觀點:idea, belief, view, opinion
影響:affect(vt.), influence(vt.), have influence/effect/impact on
(被)允許:allow, permit, can, may, be free to do
恢復,復原:restore, recover, bring back
阻止:prevent, stop, keep (sth/sb from doing sth)
花費:spend, take, cost, put in, make effort
參加:join, take part in, participate in, engage in, get involved in, attend, be a part of
調整,調節:adjust, regulate, control
產生,創造:create, produce, make, generate, bring about, form
表現,顯現出:show, display, demonstrate, represent
確保:ensure, guarantee, assure (of), promise
最後:in the end, eventually, at last, finally
行為方式,做法:act, practice
建議:suggest, say should, advise, recommend
決定:decide, choose, make up one's mind
查明:find out, discover, figure out
導致,引起:cause, result in, lead to, bring about, contribute to
限制:limit, restrict, confine, put a limit on
正在做,努力:work on
延期相關:more time, extra time, extension, later deadline; put off, postpone, put back to, delay, (until)
因素:cause, factor, reason
合適:fit, suit, be suitable/fit/right
需要:require, need, it is necessary for..to..,demand
不變:fixed, constant, stable, unchanged (unchanging)
擔心:worry about, be concerned about, care about
解決:solve/resolve, address, deal with, work out, tackle
解釋:tell, explain, spell out, say how..
關於筆記和換詞練習的材料,選DELTA和OG就夠了,DELTA的聽力速度較快,我是載的論壇的,還有些雜音,那麼就放兩遍吧,一直說到自己比較滿意為止。 3.4.5.6題一定要多練習,做過的題目過幾天仍然可以再回頭做做,可能每次表達都不一樣呢。你可能會發現,同一道題目你隔段時間再說,又會有新的體會,尤其DELTA,很多都是三點要點,有點難,習慣了再做真題應該不會吃虧的。還是那句話,筆記一定要重視練習,但是換詞可以不用過多糾纏。
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